Originally portrayed as the "Robin Hood of Mexico", Pancho Villa was villainized in the American press and later assassinated in 1923. This guide focuses on the topic of "Pancho Villa" in the Chronicling America digital collection of historic newspapers.
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About Chronicling America
Chronicling America is a searchable digital collection of historic newspaper pages through 1963 sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress.
Also, see the Directory of U.S. Newspapers in American Libraries, a searchable index to newspapers published in the United States since 1690, which helps researchers identify what titles exist for a specific place and time, and how to access them.
Introduction
Known by some as a "Robin Hood in Mexico," the American press often portrays Francisco "Pancho" Villa as the villain of a war at the Mexican border. At the end of the Mexican Revolution, after his army dwindles, Villa negotiates an amnesty with the Mexican government and retires his military pursuits in 1920, only to be assassinated in an ambush three years later in 1923. Read more about it!
The information in this guide focuses on primary source materials found in the digitized historic newspapers from the digital collection Chronicling America.
The timeline below highlights important dates related to this topic, and a section of this guide provides some suggested search strategies for further research in the collection.
Timeline
June 5, 1878
Born Jose Doroteo Arango Arambula in San Juan del Rio, Durango, Mexico.
1910
Pancho Villa joins Francisco Madero against dictator Porfirio Diaz.
1913
When Madero is overthrown, Villa joins with Emiliano Zapata and Venustiano Carranza to oppose the dictatorship of Huerta. Forms own army, the Division del Norte. Serves as provisional governor of the state of Chihuahua.
1914
Villa splits with Carranza, who has assumed the presidency.
March 9, 1916
Raid on Columbus, NM, allegedly initiated by Pancho Villa in retaliation of the change in US allegiance from him to Carranza.
1916-1917
“Punitive expedition” lead by Brigadier General Pershing is sent into Mexico with 3,000 US troops. Villa eludes capture. Pershing is called back when the US enters WWI.
1920
Villa is granted amnesty and retires to a ranch in northern Mexico.