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Folktales and Oral Storytelling: Resources in the American Folklife Center Collections

This section provides resources related to the International Storytelling Collection.

The International Storytelling Collection

In 1973, teacher Jimmy Neil Smith organized the First Annual National Storytelling Festival in Jonesborough, Tennessee. Storytellers performed in school auditoriums and on the back of a wagon for an audience no bigger than 60 listeners. Since then, the Festival has continued every year and grown immensely.

Connie Regan-Blake performs at the Library of Congress.
Stephen Winick, photographer. Storyteller Connie Regan-Blake performs at the Library of Congress. Stepping Back in Time: Storytelling with Connie Regan-Blake and Barbara Freeman, 2018 September 6. American Folklife Center.

Jimmy Neil Smith and several other storytellers who participated in the first Festival formed the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling (NAPPS), which later became the National Storytelling Association (NSA). In 1998, the NSA created the International Storytelling Center (ISC), which continues to host the National Storytelling Festival along with several programs for preservation and community engagement through storytelling.

Since its first year, organizers have recorded Festival performances, sometimes releasing them for purchase as tapes or later CDs. Many of these sound and/or video recordings from 1973-2013 are digitally available through the International Storytelling Collection onsite at the AFC Reading Room. The collection also includes office files, photographs, and recordings of activities at the ISC and its predecessor organizations, including conferences, board meetings, interviews with storytellers and others, magazines and newsletters, and various materials submitted by storytellers from throughout the United States and from around the world that document their careers.

Barbara Freemanperforms at the Library of Congress.
Stephen Winick, photographer. Storyteller Barbara Freeman performs at the Library of Congress. Stepping Back in Time: Storytelling with Connie Regan-Blake and Barbara Freeman, 2018 September 6. American Folklife Center.

Two important storytellers have their own collections in the AFC archives: the Connie Regan Blake Collection and the Diane Wolkstein Collection, which both include recordings, photographs, and manuscripts. More photographs from the National Storytelling Festival are available in the Tom Raymond Collection.

In its early years, the Festival hosted mainly Appalachian storytellers, so the Collection is particularly strong in documenting Appalachian storytelling traditions. Since then, it has expanded and diversified, bringing in storytellers from other regions of the US and eventually international tellers. Storytellers began telling more personal narratives in addition to folktales. Many of the most important and prolific American storytellers have performed at the Festival and/or been involved in its organization. Below, you will find information about several of these storytellers as well as resources at the Library to learn more about them and their tales. This list is not intended to be comprehensive, but to help orient researchers to the vast collection.

Important Storytellers at the National Storytelling Festival

North Carolina farmer Ray Hicks External was famous for telling Jack Tales from his Beech County home. Hicks belonged to the famous extended Harmon family, who maintained a rich collection of oral stories that they shared with folklorists like Richard Chase.

Cousins Connie Regan-Blake External and Barbara Freeman External founded the Folktellers duo in 1973. Connie Regan-Blake began her storytelling career as a children's librarian in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Barbara Freeman began storytelling during her career as a schoolteacher and children's and young adult librarian in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Both storytellers have had successful careers as individual performers and as the Folktellers. The duo specialized in a humorous performance technique called "tandem telling" in which they took turns telling parts of a single story. They tell magic tales, animal tales, tall tales, and ghost stories; in her most recent performances, Freeman enjoys telling religious stories. As the Folktellers,they created and produced a play titled "Mountain Sweet Talk." As founding members of the National Association for the Preservation and Perpetuation of Storytelling (NAPPS), Regan Blake and Freeman have been foundational to the storytelling revival in the US. 

Born in Selma, Alabama, Kathryn Windham External (1918-2011) specialized in telling ghost stories from the southern US. She advocated for widespread work on collecting, preserving, and telling southern ghost stories. In her performances, she shared stories she had heard from others, stories about the ghost living in her house who she fondly named Jeffrey, and methods for attracting good luck and keeping evil out of the home. 

Jackie Torrence (1944-2004) began her storytelling career while working as a reference librarian in High Point, North Carolina. Drawing on a repertoire of stories she learned from her grandparents, Torrence told Jack Tales, Uncle Remus Tales, and ghost stories designed to make her audiences jump. She was a firm advocate for the importance of telling the Uncle Remus tales, rejecting the idea that they were demeaning to African Americans.

Librarian, storyteller, and author Augusta Baker (1911-1998) was a strong advocate for African American representation in children's books and stories. As a children's librarian for the New York Public Library, Augusta Baker curated an extensive collection and bibliography of children's books with positive and accurate depictions of Black characters and African American life. As a storyteller, she performed folktales she had learned from her grandmother and through research; she is well known for her stories about Haitian characters Bookie and Ti-Malice. She was appointed the Storyteller-in-Residence at the University of South Carolina in 1980 and held the position until 1994. 

Folklorist, storyteller, and author Diane Wolkstein (1942-2013) was the official storyteller of New York City from 1968-1971. Her career as a storyteller began with a job telling bible stories in a synagogue, and she soon expanded to other venues. Each Saturday morning from 1971-2012, she told stories at the Hans Christian Andersen statue in Central Park. She also produced and hosted the radio show Stories from Many Lands from 1968-1980. Famous for her research on storytelling traditions in Haiti, Wolkstein conducted research on folktales in China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Australia, Ireland, Scotland, England, Egypt, Greece, and elsewhere. She told these and other folktales, along with bible stories and epics like the Sumerian story of Inanna. Wolkstein's research materials, performance recordings, manuscripts, photographs, and correspondence are held in the Diane Wolkstein collection. 

Storyteller, playwright, producer, artistic director, and performer Brenda Wong Aoki External was one of the first Asian American performers to participate in the National Storytelling Festival. As a storyteller, she performs Kabuki legends, ghost stories, and personal narratives. She co-founded the non-profit First Voice with her partner, musician and composer Mark Izu, with whom she has produced several stage productions. She is also a founding faculty member of Stanford University's Institute for Diversity in the Arts.

Storyteller and author Laura Simms External has been a frequent performer at the National Storytelling Festival, performing a wide repertoire of international magic tales, animal tales, legends, and epics. She is currently the artistic director of the Hans Christian Andersen Storytelling Center in New York. She also founded the Center for Engaged Storytelling, which explores the potential of oral storytelling to enact social change.

Additional Selected Collections from the American Folklife Center

Selected Public Programming from the American Folklife Center

Since its inception in 1976, the American Folklife Center has routinely hosted public programs at the Library of Congress in the form of concerts, lectures, panels, and symposia. From 2006 on, most of these public programs have been video recorded and made available online. Below, find videos of public programming related to the International Storytelling Collection.

Kiran Singh Sirah, then-President of the International Storytelling Center, discusses the power and artistry of storytelling as an ancient art form and as the world's oldest form of communication. He also discusses what he describes as one of the greatest community-building tools that we can use to foster, cultivate and strengthen peace and collaboration in our communities, and will also explore how we might collectively use new storytelling forms in the arenas of peace and community development to help establish a conflict-free world.

An evening of storytelling with Connie Regan-Blake and Barbara Freeman. In the 1970s, the cousins were both working at the Chattanooga Public Library, Freeman as children's librarian and Regan-Blake as a full-time storyteller for a special outreach program called MORE. In 1973, they attended the first National Storytelling Festival in Jonesborough, Tenn. There they met Ray and Rosa Hicks of Beech Mountain, N.C., who became lasting friends and mentors. They realized they had a special gift for telling stories, and left their careers at the library to perform nationally and internationally as the Folktellers. Regan-Blake and Freeman pioneered "tandem telling," a type of duet storytelling performance. In addition to performances, the Folktellers have produced three albums and a play, "Mountain Sweet Talk."

Interview with storyteller Barbara Freeman.

Interview with storyteller and author Connie Regan-Blake.

Selected Blog Posts and Podcasts from the American Folklife Center