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Glossary for Performing Arts Primary Sources

Terms J-M

Laid in

DEFINITION

Phrase to indicate that an item contains additional enclosed items created separately.

NOTES & EXAMPLES

Some Music Division finding aids, online catalog records, and digital collection descriptions contain the phrase "laid in." This phrase lets users know that additional materials other than the main item listed are included.

The enclosed items may be the same format as the main item described. For example, the holograph score for Songs of Grace and Songs of Glory by John Philip Sousa contains an additional holograph score "laid in." This second score is for a separate work, We March, We March to Victory. This phrase appears in the digital collection description linked to above. Note that only the main item, not the "laid in" item was digitized.

The enclosed items may also be different formats than the main item described. For example, Big City Blues is an orchestral work with scores and sketches in the Morton Gould Papers. The folder-level entry for this work title includes the note, "Laid in: correspondence." This means that although the musical work is the primary point of access, correspondence that Gould kept with the score remains in its original place. The items are kept together for context and respect for Gould's original order External.

Libretto

DEFINITION

Text of an opera, operetta, musical, oratorio.

NOTES & EXAMPLES

Librettos include include the words for sung text, as well as content commonly found in play scripts such as lists of scenes and characters, dialogue, and stage directions.

In the Music Division's card catalog and online catalog entries, you will find individual librettos with call numbers that range from ML48 - ML50, such as the item below.

Librettos also appear in special collections with content related to theater, musical theater, and opera. One example is the George and Böske Antheil Papers.

Scroll through the gallery below for examples of digitized librettos in many languages, including English, French, Spanish, Czech, and more!

Lyric sheet

Sylvia Fine, lyricist. [Alternate Lyrics to: When the Saints Go Marchin' In]. January 28, 1958. Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Collection. Library of Congress Music Division.

DEFINITION

Document with words to a song.

NOTES & EXAMPLES

In musical theater and popular music, lyric sheets contain the words to verses and choruses. Lyric sheets appear in Music Division special collections both typed and handwritten.

Examples of special collections with lyric sheets include the Richard Rogers Collection, Ethel L. Voynich Papers, Arthur Schwartz Papers, Milton Berle Papers, and Alan Jay Lerner Papers.

Manuscript

DEFINITION

A handwritten or unpublished document.

NOTES & EXAMPLES

This is a broad category that includes rare and unique paper-based items throughout the Music Division's holdings.

Manuscripts can be part of a special collection or individual items, such as letters, scripts, musical scores, and more.

Explore the gallery below for a variety of manuscripts!

Marginalia

Aaron Copland, annotator. Influence of Jazz on Modern Music. Aaron Copland Collection. Library of Congress Music Division.

DEFINITION

Notes in the edges of a document.

RELATED TERM

annotation

NOTES & EXAMPLES

Marginalia, also called "marginal notes," are a type of annotation in a specific part of the page. Marginalia makes ephemera, such as the brochure pictured, unique.

Mimeograph Copy

DEFINITION

Copy made by an inked stencil process.

NOTES & EXAMPLES

Mimeograph copies are commonly found in Music Division collections as textual and graphic documents, such as scores, articles, speeches, lyric sheets, and scripts.

The term refers to the format resulting from this specific duplication process - it does not describe the content itself.

Examples of special collections containing mimeographs include the Irving Berlin Collection, Harold Spivacke Collection, Seeger Family Collection, and Jerome Kern Collection.

Explore examples of mimeograph copies in the gallery below!