Publisher: Publishing bureau of The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
Languages: Italian and English.
LC Holdings: Bound Volume: 1920:July-1940.
LC Location: Jefferson or Adams Building Reading Rooms.
Notes: A weekly socialist newspaper started in Pittsburgh, PA, in 1896 and in 1902 became the official newspaper of the Italian Socialist Federation of North America, under the direction of Giacinto Menotti Serrati (Spotorno, Liguria, Italy 1872-Asso, Lombardy, Italy, 1926), one of the most relevant Italian socialists before and after WWI and the founder of the Italian Socialist Federation (FSI). Later, it was sponsored by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), after the association was created in 1905 and until 1916, when the newspaper reached its highest circulation of 7,800 and moved to Chicago. The paper suffered through various financial and political struggles due to repressive government campaigns against it. Carlo Tresca (Sulmona, Abruzzo, Italy, 1879–New York, NY, 1943) was its chief editor between 1904 and 1907 when he held the position as Secretary of the Italian Socialist Federation of North America. Tresca was murdered in New York city in 1943 and was succeeded by Giuseppe Bertelli (Empoli, Tuscany, Italy, 1870-?, 1943). Arturo Giovannitti (Ripabottoni, Molise, Italy, 1884-New York, 1959) became editor of the paper in 1909.
Bibliographic Sources: LaGumina, Salvatore J., Frank J. Cavaioli, Salvatore Primeggia, and Joseph A. Varacalli. The Italian American Experience: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge, 2005. Pernicone, Nunzio. Carlo Tresca: Portrait of a Rebel. New York, N Y: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Topp, Michael Miller. Those Without a Country: The Political Culture of Italian American Syndicalists. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. Ravindranathan, T.R. "A Non-Bolshevik Bolshevik: The Trials and Tribulations of Giacinto Menotti Serrati 1917-1921." Canadian Journal of History 24, no. 1 (1989): 16-41. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjh.24.1.16. External Vecoli, Rudolph J. "The Italian Immigrant Press and the Construction of Social Reality, 1850-1920." In Print Culture in a Diverse America. Edited by James P. Danky and Wayne A. Wiegand. 17-33. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998.