Antarctic Treaty of 1959 External(Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty)
Antarctica does not have a judicial system. According to Article VIII of the Antarctic Treaty, individuals in Antarctica "shall be subject only to the jurisdiction of the Contracting Party of which they are nationals in respect of all acts or omissions occurring while they are in Antarctica for the purpose of exercising their functions." In the case of a dispute between treaty parties regarding the treaty, Article XI provides that the disputing parties are to "consult among themselves with a view to having the dispute resolved by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement or other peaceful means of their own choice." If the parties cannot resolve their dispute in that manner, they may, if all parties to the dispute consent, refer the matter to the International Court of Justice.