Skip to Main Content

History of the Office and Office Equipment: A Resource Guide

This guide offers resources for researching the history of office furniture and equipment like typewriters, computers, telephones, copiers, and other inventions that contributed to the development of the modern office and how we work.

Introduction

How people work has evolved. Offices with desks have become open space plans, collaborative space, standing desks. Technology made possible alternate arrangements like hotelling, telework, and shared workspaces. This guide is an attempt to present sources related to the history and development the office, its equipment, and how we work. We hope that it can help those who are researching the machines themselves, as well as those researching the impact those machines had and will have on the development of the modern office and how we work. While the guide does not include every available resource, it should provide a good place to start for anyone interested in the topic.

For the equipment that has been included, we have mostly focused on the more obvious machines like typewriters, computers, telephones, and copiers, though we have also included a few that while not typically "office," are closely work-related. We have chosen not to include those inventions that are larger in scope like the light bulb, the elevator, and even air conditioning even though these had a major impact on the modern working environment.

Seated figure writing at desk, 1496. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Harris & Ewing, photographer. Unidentified Office.. [between 1905 and 1945]. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Harris & Ewing, photographer. Office Machine. 1932 or 1933. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Harris & Ewing, photographer. Office. 1935-1936. Prints and Photograph Division Library of Congress.

Harris & Ewing, photographer. Office workers. 1936. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Carol Highsmith, photographer. Office interior. Between 1980 and 1990. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Carol Highsmith, photographer. Office workstation. Between 1980 and 1990. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

Carol Highsmith, photographer. Office interior. Between 1980 and 2006. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

About the Business Section

Part of the Science & Business Reading Room at the Library of Congress, the Business Section is the starting point for conducting research at the Library of Congress in the subject areas of business and economics. Here, reference specialists in specific subject areas of business assist patrons in formulating search strategies and gaining access to the information and materials contained in the Library's rich collections of business and economics materials.