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Organized Labor Since the 19th Century: A Research Guide

Construction Unions

one older bearded gentleman stand at a saw working standing next to a large waist tall pile of boards while one other many uses a saw in the background and another gentleman in a suit sits; sawdust sprinkles the ground
National Photo Company Collection. Carpenter shop, Library of Congress, 1919 or 1920. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.

We have included a brief history of some of the unions in the construction industry. We have tried to include the some of the larger organizations and provide dates and history, as well as some of the most notable organization names or events as additional ways to search for additional books, articles, and other resources. When appropriate, we have included a few individuals of note as searching on people is another way to research the union and its activities which can be important when it comes to researching older and lesser known unions and events.

International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers (BAC)

This union was founded in 1865 as the Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union of America (BMPIU). It has had several names, including Bricklayers and Masons International Union and Bricklayers, Masons, and Plasterers International Union, but the current name dates to 1995. Two presidents of note are Harry Bates, who played a role in the merger of the AFL and the CIO and was one of the union presidents that served the longest, and William J. Bowen.

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America (UBC)

The UBC was formed in 1881 by Peter J. McGuire and Gustav Luebkert. One of its earliest actions was a strike to obtain the eight-hour day. It was also known for fighting the open shop movement. Notable union leaders include Frank Duffy, Richard E. Livingston, John S. Rodgers, William Hutcheson, and Maurice Hutcheson. One of the union leaders, John L. Lewis, helped establish the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

Other unions that were affiliated or merged with it include: International Union of Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers; the Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, Finishers', Shopworkers' and Granite Cutters' International Union; and the Association of Western Pulp and Paper Workers.

International Union of Operating Engineers (IUOE)

This union was founded in 1896 as the National Union of Steam Engineers of America, and currently represents construction workers who work as heavy equipment operators, mechanics, surveyors, and those who maintain heating and other systems in buildings and industrial complexes. The union changed its name twice: first, to the International Union of Steam Engineers and again to the International Union of Steam and Operating Engineers. The union absorbed the International Brotherhood of Steam Shovel and Dredgemen (1927). Leaders of note include Matthew Comerford and William E. Maloney.

International Union of Painters and Allied Trades (IUPAT)

IUPAT was formed in 1887 as the Brotherhood of Painters and Decorators of America and took their current name in 1970. They represent painters, glaziers, wall coverers, flooring installers, convention and trade show decorators, glassworkers, sign and display workers, asbestos worker/hazmat technician and drywall finishers. Names of note include: George F. Hendrick, Lawrence P. Lindelof, Lawrence M. Raftery, Bud Raftery, Joseph C. Skemp, and Clarence E. Swick.

International Woodworkers of America (IWA)

The IWA was initially formed when members of the Sawmill and Timber Workers' Union division of the UBC disaffiliated. In May 1994, they affiliated with what is now the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) as part of the Woodworkers Department.

The Unions Today

If you are looking to research the current activities of any of the organizations, union websites and articles are going to be your best resources.

Below are the web pages that represent the organizations mentioned above. There are more general resources related to labor history that may include discussions related to the above organizations on the Internet Resources page. Additionally, the Research Collections page will include links to research institutions that contain significant labor related material.

Print Resources

The following materials link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to digital content are provided when available. Many of the labor organizations published their own magazines targeted at members, but we have not included all of them below. Search the catalog to identify those titles.

Library of Congress Digital Resources

The resources here are specific to the Library of Congress. Some may only be available on-site.