The Library of Congress has twenty-one unique titles of Russian almanacs and calendars from the eighteenth century. The majority of these titles are available in the Rare Books & Special Collections Reading Room. Due to their format and subject matter, two titles are held in other reading rooms at the Library of Congress - Microform Reader Services and the Performing Arts Reading Room. The location of the title will be noted in its entry on the list provided below. The majority of the almanacs and calendars are part of the Yudin collection, an extensive selection of mostly Russian print materials which was acquired by the Library of Congress in 1907. For more information about the Yudin collection, see this guide.

In contrast to periodicals which are intended to be released monthly or weekly, almanacs and calendars are annual publications. The first printed calendar in Russia was released in Moscow in 1709 and was closely tied to the Russian Orthodox Church as it marked important religious dates and holidays. Calendars continued to be sporadically printed until the 1720s when the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg started to consistently release their own calendar. In addition to a calendar, this publication also included short articles on a variety of topics, including history, astrology and local news and events. By the late eighteenth century, several titles of calendars were being published in Russia, even on such specialty topics as proper land management.

Almanacs, on the other hand, did not appear in Russia until the very end of the eighteenth century. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, a prominent Russian writer and historian, is credited with releasing the first Russian almanac in 1796, Aglaia. Strictly literary in content, the almanac mainly consisted of Karamzin's own prose and writings. Almanacs from different publishers would soon follow, including one dedicated to music.

A comprehensive list of the Russian 18th-century almanacs and calendars available at the Library of Congress is provided below. A brief description of each calendar or almanac is included as well as holdings information. The list is organized alphabetically according to how the titles are transliterated into English using the Library of Congress Romanization standards for Russian, which can be found here.

The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in the Library of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.