Internet Resources

The following images of snowflakes were created by Ken Libbrecht. Links in the captions for each photograph will lead to a version of the image on the Flickr website. The photographer holds the copyright for each image and has granted the Library of Congress permission to include thumbnail images of his photos in this research guide.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Rimed.* External October 19, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Triangular grouping.* External October 21, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Group of needles.* External October 21, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Column.* External October 21, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Stellar dendrite.* External October 19, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Stellar plate.* External October 19, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Snowflake grown in a lab.* External January 18, 2015. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Triangular.* External October 21, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

Ken Libbrecht, photographer. *Capped column with trapped air bubbles.* External October 19, 2014. © Ken Libbrecht, All rights reserved. Used with permission.

From the science of the cyrosphere to Wilson A. Bentley's glass plate negatives depicting snow crystals, the following websites represent just a small fraction of the information available on the Internet regarding snowflakes and snow crystals.

About the Cryosphere External
The cryosphere is that portion of the Earth's surface where water is a solid form, usually as snow or ice, including sea ice, freshwater ice, snow, glaciers, and frozen ground (or permafrost). The National Snow and Ice Data Center sponsors this Web site which has features such as “Cold Facts: Earth's Snow, Ice, and Frozen Soils” and “State of the Cryosphere.”
arXiv.org: Snow Crystals by Kenneth Libbrecht External
This online monograph was created solely for research, scholarship, and educational use and contains over 500 pages on the physics of snowflakes, not to mention lots of wonderful images.
Making snowflakes or "snowfakes?" External
"The Why Files talked about the nitty-gritty of snowflakes with David Griffeath, professor of mathematics at University of Wisconsin-Madison, who worked on snowflake simulation with Janko Gravner, a mathematician at the University of California at Davis."
New York Heritage Bentley Snow Crystal Collection External
The collection includes hundreds of glass plate negatives depicting snow crystals, clouds, and nature scenes taken by Wilson A. Bentley. Also included are his field notebooks, Museum acquisition documents and articles about the collection in "Hobbies," the Museum’s magazine.
NOAA Photo Library: Snow and Ice
Images from the National Historical Weather Service Weather Wonders album includes "Studies among Snow Crystals..." by Wilson Bentley and photographs of snow and ice.
SnowCrystals.com External
An "online guide for snowflakes, snow crystals, and other ice phenomena."
Snowflake Bentley External
This site explores Bentley's life and works with snowflakes.

Snowflakes: A Resource Guide

Science & Technical Reports: Ask a Librarian

Internet Resources